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Across the United Kingdom, many services such as hospitals and schools depend on private or corporate donation. In the sixteenth century,〔Before1560 in Scotland.〕 the Church and the nobility were the only source of such support. By the nineteenth century government and local authorities had taken over this responsibility.〔Poor Laws in the nineteenth century provided a more secure form of help for the poor and gradually the use of mortifications declined.〕 Sometimes a hospital, Bedehouse or care home was given money directly to further its purposes. The City of Aberdeen like many across Scotland, and in the rest of the United Kingdom, administers charitable trusts to benefit its residents.〔Approx. £8m in 2013〕 Some of these date back to the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. In general these mortifications were endowed to benefit Guildry members, the poor, medical, educational, cultural, arts and heritage purposes individuals and groups. Recently the City Council has re-organised these charities together with OSCR.〔http://www.oscr.org.uk/ OSCR is the Charity regulator for Scotland. Most trusts seek registration as a charity to benefit from tax laws.〕 Some of the charities have been wound up with residual funds allocated to other charities with similar purposes in Aberdeen. == Mortifications 〔See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mortmain for the etymology of the term. Although it is correctly associated with for the " …. the perpetual, inalienable possession of lands by a corporation or non-personal entity such as a church…." It has become associated with a bequest from an individual to a " non-personal entity" e.g. a University, City, Corporation. Within the context of this article, William Guild’s Mortification (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dr_William_Guild%27s_Mortification) and the mortification by David Mitchell setting up Mitchell's Hospital Old Aberdeen are good examples.〕 for the Poor == The city of "new" or ''Royal'' Aberdeen has been in receipt of many bequests from individuals and organizations.〔Anonymous, Mortifications Left to Various Classes of Poor under Charge of the Provost, Magistrates, and Town Council, 1835; Aberdeen (Scotland). Town Council., List of Mortifications for Educational and Charitable Purposes, under the Charge of the Town Council of Aberdeen, 1879 (Aberdeen: Avery, 1879).〕 Some of these were intended to alleviate the poverty of widows, guild or Trades and craft members. The bequest by Marione Douglas, Lady Drum 〔Marione was the widow of Sir Andrew Irving of Drum, "Little Breeches", on account of his preference to follow the Continental fashion of short trousers, the 9th Laird. At this time the Irvings of Drum were Catholic. Both Alexander and his wife, Marione Douglas, were notable philanthropists in Aberdeen. In 1629, Alexander gave £10,000(Scots) to the Provost and Bailles of Aberdeen for the maintenance of bursars at the Grammar School and at Marischal College, Aberdeen. During the early seventeenth century, the Irvings of Drum were supporters of Charles I. The family and the estate and castle were attacked by Covenanters. See Clan Irvine Drum Castle is now owned by the National Trust for Scotland.〕 in 1633 was supplemented by a number of other benefactors. Lady Drum gave 3000 Scots Merks〔worth about £166 13s 4d in 1849〕 ''“… to Widows of that have beine the wyffes of burgesses of Aberdeine, and who have leived, both in ther widowheide, and in the tyme of ther life and mariage and cohabitatione with ther hushands, …. of good lyfe and conversation, frie of anie publict scandle, or offence, ….”'' A hospital or house was commissioned to provide a lodging for the ladies. It was known as Lady Drum’s Hospital.〔See http://mcjazz.f2s.com/Upperkirkgate.htm . There is a plaque commemorating the site of the house.〕 In 1634, Jean Goold or Guild mortified 50 Merks Scots 〔In 1849, this sum was worth some £26 15s 6d.〕 to assist " poor widows and virgins..". Jean Guild was the "relick: or widow if a David Anderson(e) of Finzean,〔" ..finzeauch.."〕 a burghess of Aberdeen. The text of the document indicates the strict standards to be met when allocating the funds.
Additional bequests were made to the initial money by Lady Drum by several benefactors until the end of the seventeen hundreds.〔Alexander Galloway £226 13s 4d (Scots) 17th February, 1700; Mrs Agnes Durie (Divvie?) 1000 Merks Scots ( £55 11s 1d); Jean Cattanach £200 0s 0d and Miss Bell Cattanach of £100 (Sterling)〕 The 1633 mortification by Lady Drum led to the building of a hospital in 1671. In 1721, maiden daughters of Burgesses of Guild were also admitted. This house was demolished in 1798. The City of Aberdeen has a plaque adjacent to the spot where the “hospital” was located on Upper Kirkgate. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aberdeen Charitable Trusts」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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